Civil Engineering

Under-reamed piles are extensively used in India and South Asia in situations where large uplift forces are encountered. Such situations include expansive soils (swelling generates uplift force) and structures like chimneys, marine structures, transmission towers, windmills, etc. However, major issue with the construction of these piles is the collapse of under-reaming zone, particularly in sand and soft fine grained soil in saturated condition. The collapse of soil may results in uncertainty in the final size of the bulb.